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哺乳動物基因表達piggyBac載體

概述

PiggyBac載體系統(tǒng)可以非常高效地把外源DNA插入哺乳動物細胞的基因組,該系統(tǒng)技術(shù)簡單,可利用質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染(非病毒轉(zhuǎn)導)把您所感興趣的基因長期穩(wěn)定地整合到靶細胞基因組。

該系統(tǒng)來源于piggyBac轉(zhuǎn)座子,最開始在粉紋夜蛾(Trichoplusia ni) 中發(fā)現(xiàn)并分離而來?;谛蛄型葱苑治?,piggyBac轉(zhuǎn)座子是許多常見物種共有的一類轉(zhuǎn)座子。

PiggyBac系統(tǒng)包含兩個組分,一個組分為PBase轉(zhuǎn)座酶(通常為表達PBase的IVT mRNA);另一個組分被稱為轉(zhuǎn)座子質(zhì)粒,包含兩個末端重復序列(TR)以及兩者之間的被轉(zhuǎn)座區(qū)域,需要被轉(zhuǎn)座到宿主基因組中的目的基因就克隆在這個區(qū)域。

當表達PBase的IVT mRNA和轉(zhuǎn)座子質(zhì)粒共轉(zhuǎn)染靶細胞時,PBase IVT mRNA產(chǎn)生的轉(zhuǎn)座酶將會識別轉(zhuǎn)座子的兩個TR元件,然后將被轉(zhuǎn)座區(qū)和兩個TR元件插入到宿主基因組中。轉(zhuǎn)座插入通常發(fā)生在包含TTAA序列的宿主染色體位點,并在轉(zhuǎn)座子兩側(cè)出現(xiàn)TTAA重復序列。

PiggyBac屬于II類轉(zhuǎn)座子,通過“剪切—粘貼”的機制移動,從一個地方轉(zhuǎn)座到另一個地方,而不留下序列本身(恰好相反,I類轉(zhuǎn)座子是通過“復制—粘貼”的方式移動)。由于輔助質(zhì)粒是通過瞬時轉(zhuǎn)染進入宿主細胞的,故會逐漸丟失。隨著輔助質(zhì)粒的丟失,轉(zhuǎn)座子在宿主基因組中變成了永久整合。當這些宿主細胞再次被輔助質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染,整合的轉(zhuǎn)座子會再次通過“剪切—粘貼”的機制移動。

關于piggyBac基因表達載體系統(tǒng)的更多信息,請參考以下文獻。

參考文獻主題
Mol Cell Biochem. 354:301 (2011)Review
Cell. 122:473 (2005)Efficient transposition of the piggyBac (PB) transposon in mammalian cells and mice
亮點

我們的piggyBac轉(zhuǎn)座子載體與輔助質(zhì)粒是經(jīng)過優(yōu)化的,可在大腸桿菌中高拷貝復制。該載體系統(tǒng)對多種類型的靶細胞均具有高效的轉(zhuǎn)導效率,實現(xiàn)外源基因的高水平表達。

優(yōu)勢

外源基因的永久整合:常規(guī)質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染只能實現(xiàn)外源基因的瞬時表達,這種外源基因會隨著宿主細胞的分裂而不斷丟失,在快速分裂的細胞中顯得尤為顯著。相反,將piggyBac轉(zhuǎn)座子載體和輔助質(zhì)粒一起轉(zhuǎn)染到哺乳動物細胞中,由于轉(zhuǎn)座子在轉(zhuǎn)座酶的作用下,目的基因能穩(wěn)定地整合到宿主細胞的染色體中,從而實現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)座子載體上攜帶的目的基因在宿主細胞中永久表達。

技術(shù)簡單:通過常規(guī)轉(zhuǎn)染即可把質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)入細胞,相比起病毒載體需要進行病毒包裝,過程更簡單。

載體容量大:我們的轉(zhuǎn)座子載體總?cè)萘靠蛇_30 kb,其中質(zhì)粒骨架只占3 kb,有足夠大的容量可以放置客戶所感興趣的序列。

不足之處

轉(zhuǎn)染細胞類型受限:PiggyBac載體進入細胞依賴于轉(zhuǎn)染。不同類型的細胞,其轉(zhuǎn)染效率差異非常大。非分裂細胞通常比分裂細胞更難轉(zhuǎn)染,原代細胞比永生化細胞更難轉(zhuǎn)染,一些重要的細胞類型轉(zhuǎn)染難度更大,如神經(jīng)元和胰島β細胞。另外,質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染主要局限于體外應用,很少應用于體內(nèi)實驗(但可以應用于轉(zhuǎn)基因動物模型制備)。以上因素在一定程度上制約了piggyBac系統(tǒng)的應用。

載體關鍵元件

5' ITR: 5' inverted terminal repeat. When a DNA sequence is flanked by two ITRs, the piggyBac transpose can recognize them, and insert the flanked region including the two ITRs into the host genome.

Promoter: The promoter driving your gene of interest is placed here.

Kozak: Kozak consensus sequence. It is placed in front of the start codon of the ORF of interest because it is believed to facilitate translation initiation in eukaryotes.

ORF: The open reading frame of your gene of interest is placed here.

rBG pA: Rabbit β-globin polyadenylation signal. It facilitates transcriptional termination of the upstream ORF.

CMV promoter: Human cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter. It drives the ubiquitous expression of the downstream marker gene.

Marker: A drug selection gene (such as neomycin resistance), a visually detectable gene (such as EGFP), or a dual-reporter gene (such as EGFP/Neo). This allows cells transduced with the vector to be selected and/or visualized.

BGH pA:Bovine growth hormone polyadenylation signal. It facilitates transcriptional termination of the upstream ORF.

3' ITR: 3' inverted terminal repeat.

Ampicillin: Ampicillin resistance gene. It allows the plasmid to be maintained by ampicillin selection in E. coli.

pUC ori: pUC origin of replication. Plasmids carrying this origin exist in high copy numbers in E. coli.

Representative vector design
VB IDVector nameDescriptions
VB010000-9491dkfpPB[Exp]-EF1A>EGFP/NeoA PiggyBac transposon vector expressing EGFP: neomycin resistance fusion protein driven by an EF1A promoter.
VB231214-1652bpzpPB[Exp]-Hb9>CreERT2A PiggyBac transposon gene expression vector encoding a tamoxifen-inducible recombinase under the control of a motor neuron-specific promoter.
VB010000-9365taxpRP[Exp]-mCherry-CAG>hyPBaseA mammalian gene expression vector encoding PiggyBac transposase (PBase) as well as an mCherry reporter.
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